Carl Einstein (born Karl Einstein, also known by pseudonym Savine Ree Urian) was an influential German Jewish writer, art historian, anarchist and critic. Regarded as one of the first critics to appreciate the development of Cubism, as well as for his work on African art and influence on the European avant-garde, his work combined many strands of both political and aesthetic discourse into his writings, addressing both the developing aesthetic of modern art and the political situation in Europe.