Bilingual catalogue edited on the occasion of the Naked, Normative and Rebellious Nedes in Spanish Art (1870-1970) exhibition.
The almost ninety works in this exhibition tell a story unbounded by norms, offering a subjective survey designed to stimulate both the mind and the senses of viewers as they explore more than a century of very diverse nudes in Spanish art. In a country with no historical tradition in a genre that was central to artists elsewhere, individuals only really began to be represented au naturel in the modern period – in the late 1800s and especially in the first third of the 1900s – as a rebellion against the academic ideal and a gradual revelation of the body. The nude thus went from being an intended universal canon of physical perfection, used by the ancient Greeks to give human form to gods and standardised by the Academy for centuries as a synonym for beauty, to an avant-garde depiction of the physical diversity of a far from idyllic humankind. Decorum, moral and social prejudice, and the apparent neutrality of purely artistic portrayals of almost exclusively mythological or historical subjects gave way to unprejudiced and provocative interpretations, to a true nakedness of the nude.
The freedom to rebel against centuries of modest and academic nudes and see beyond the merely anatomical aspect of the body triggered an unstoppable paradigm shift among the Spanish renewal-oriented and avant-garde movements, especially in the 1920s and 1930s. Carnality prevailed over the ideal and the most interesting and exciting possibilities of the nude were discovered. The contemporary body thus became a fertile ground for artistic exploration and self-knowledge.
However, no sooner had the modern nude embarked on this path of formal and expressive experimentation than it was newly burdened by 19th-century stigmas throughout much of Franco’s dictatorship. Constrained by the regime’s censorship, artists sought refuge in official exhibitions, returning to academic languages, engaged in provocation from the fringes or from exile, and camouflaged nudes in abstract forms.
Perfect beings versus fragmented bodies, nudes depicted in relation to a theme or with no pretext; male gazes challenged by empowered female bodies; live models and disturbing mannequins; bodies that are figurative or deconstructed, young and old, male, female and ambiguous, exposed or observed without permission... the nudes shown in the exhibition, from those of Sorolla and early Picasso to Saura and late Miró, come in a variety and very broad range of forms. And yet this is just one of the many possible stories of the nude.